This dissertation has 3 objectives which are 1. to study a participatory development of area and community by the army, 2. to study the principle of Buddhist peaceful means which promotes a participatory development of area and community, and 3. to study the process of Buddhist peaceful means in a participatory development of area and community by the army. The research methodology is a qualitative research by studying from documents and related researches, depth interview with the key informants of 3 groups namely Buddhism specialists, civilian experts, and army experts with the total of 18 people. Information is verified by the focus group discussion and then presented in the descriptive form.

                 The research outcomes were found that a participatory development of area and community by the army in the past had 3 attributes in terms of the operation in the development of area and community which were connector, operator, and promoter. Such roles still lacked a participation in the development of area and community in many steps resulting problems in a participatory development of area and community by the army. It included 1. Physical problem which were an intrusion of civilians in the territorial areas of military restriction and the civilian intrusion problem into the national park zone and the new preservation zone in many areas for the needs in having their own workplace, the poverty problem in livelihood and the lack of educational opportunity problem as the major cause leading to the non-understanding in area usage. This also included an appropriate use of natural resources for agriculture; 2. Mental problem meaning the population in the area still lacked of the conscious mind and did not give importance to the participatory process in developing the area and community, most of the residents were still lacking of knowledge and could not participate as part of the governmental unit in every process. Moreover, the related governmental divisions still did not give importance to the participatory process in all procedures as it should be, resulting the administrative management of the area and community was in deficient of efficiency.

                 For the process of Buddhist peaceful means in a participatory development of area and community. These were summarized into the Buddhist peaceful means process which could be applied to a participatory development of area and community following the 8 Magga (Noble Eightfold Paths). It was divided into 3 procedures which were 1. Wisdom Use meaning an agreeable idea/decision (Samma Ditthi) and a mutual initiative thinking (Samma Samkappa), 2. Morality Use was the steps in consultation, operation, determination of the way of life by organizing rules and regulations to use together in the development of area and community which were a mutual consultation (Samma Vaca), a mutual operation (Samma Kammanta), and a mutual determination of the way of life (Samma Ajiva), 3. Concentration Use was the perseverance in being responsible and investigative various policies and projects in every procedure together with stable and determined mind towards the development process of area and community consisting of a perseverance in mutual responsibility (Samma Vayama), a mutual investigation (Samma Sati), and seeing/thinking/discussion/action/way of life determination/responsibility/ investigation with determined mind (Samma Samadhi).

                 For the process of Buddhist peaceful means in a participatory development of area and community by the army, the research believes that it is a new knowledge which the army can apply to the area and community development. There are 4 ways and methods in the procedure which are 1. Planning procedure which is based on the dhamma principle of a mutual seeing/mutual decision (Samma Ditthi) and a mutual initiation (Samma Samkappa) with the action procedures according to the 7 conditions of welfare (Aparihaniyadhamma) and the 4 noble truths (Ariyasacca) consisting of 1.1 a mutual discussion for the investigation of the problematic condition (Dukkha), 1.2 a mutual opinion for the analysis of the cause of problem (Samudaya), 1.3 a mutual initiation in finding the way by addressing vision/mission/target/ indicator/strategic issue/strategy (Nirodha), 1.4 a mutual decision by determining the working plan/project/relevant activities to the strategic issue/strategy (Magga); 2. Mutual cooperation (Do) which is based on the dhamma principle of a mutual consultation (Samma Vaca) and a mutual operation (Samma Kammanta) with the action procedures according to the 4 paths of accomplishment (Iddhipada) consisting of 2.1 a process of being satisfy or content in working together (Chanda), 2.2 a process of rehearsal/practice/harmonious operation together (Viriya), 2.3 a process of following the action plan together (Citta), 2.4 a process of thorough examine in investigation together (Vimansa); 3. Mutual examination/evaluation (Check) which is based on the dhamma principle of a mutual determination of the way of life (Samma Ajiva) and a mutual investigation (Samma Sati) with the action procedures according to the 4 bases of social solidarity (Sangahavatthu) consisting of 3.1 a process of giving or dividing benefit together (Dana), 3.2 a process of communicating together (Piyavaca), 3.3 a process of rendering aid (Atthacariya), 3.4 a process of even participation and behaving oneself together (Samanattata); and 4. Mutual revision/improvement (ACT) which is based on the dhamma principle of perseverance in the mutual responsibility (Samma Vayama) and seeing/thinking/discussion/ action/way of life determination/responsibility/ investigation with determined mind (Samma Samadhi) with the action procedures according to the 6 states of conciliation for fraternal living (Saraniyadhamma) consisting of 4.1 a mutual process in revision with loving-kindness (physical deed, verbal deed, and mental deed), 4.2 a mutual process in sharing the demand or experience with sacrifice (Sadharanabhogita), 4.3 a mutual process in revising plans and set of regulations (Silasamannata), 4.4  a mutual process in  being united in action and spirit for the attitude change with creativity (Ditthisamannata).

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